New isotope constraints on the Mg oceanic budget point to cryptic modern dolomite formation

The oceanic magnesium budget is important to our understanding of Earth's carbon cycle, because similar processes control both (e.g., weathering, volcanism, and carbonate precipitation). However, dolomite sedimentation and low-temperature hydrothermal circulation remain enigmatic oceanic Mg sinks. In recent years, magnesium isotopes (delta Mg-26) have provided new constraints on the Mg cycle, but the lack of data for the low-temperature hydrothermal isotope fractionation has hindered this approach. Here we present new delta Mg-26 data for low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, demonstrating preferential Mg-2(6) incorporation into the oceanic crust, on average by epsilon(solid-fluid) approximate to 1.6 parts per thousand. These new data, along with the constant seawater delta Mg-26 over the past similar to 20 Myr, require a significant dolomitic sink (estimated to be 1.5-2.9 Tmol yr(-1); 40-60% of the oceanic Mg outputs). This estimate argues strongly against the conventional view that dolomite formation has been negligible in the Neogene and points to the existence of significant hidden dolomite formation.