Artificial intelligence and the doctor-patient relationship expanding the paradigm of shared decision making

Artificial intelligence (AI) based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) arebecoming ever more widespread in healthcare and could play an important role indiagnostic and treatment processes. For this reason, AI‐based CDSS has an impacton the doctor-patient relationship, shaping their decisions with its suggestions. Wemay be on the verge of a paradigm shift, where the doctor-patient relationship is nolonger a dual relationship, but a triad. This paper analyses the role of AI‐based CDSSfor shared decision‐making to better comprehend its promises and associated ethicalissues. Moreover, it investigates how certain AI implementations may instead fosterthe inappropriate paradigm of paternalism. Understanding how AI relates to doctorsand influences doctor-patient communication is essential to promote more ethicalmedical practice. Both doctors' and patients' autonomy need to be considered in thelight of AI.