The middle to late Triassic Bänkerjoch and Klettgau formations of northern Switzerland

In the context of the harmonisation of the Swiss lithostratigraphic scheme, the Late Ladinian to Early Norian Bänkerjoch Formation and the Norian to Rhaetian Klettgau Formation of northern Switzerland are formally defined. The Bänkerjoch Formation replaces the «Gipskeuper». Delimitation generally follows the traditional Swiss scheme with the onset and offset of sulphate facies as basal and upper boundary. The Klettgau Formation includes six members (from base to top): The Ergolz Member (formerly «Schilfsandstein» and «Untere Bunte Mergel») consists of variegated silty dolomitic marl with dolocretes and channels filled by fine-grained sand of Scandinavian origin. The Gansingen Member (formerly «Gansinger Dolomit s.l.») starts with partly porous dolomite with Carnian bivalves and continues with an alternation of dolomite beds with thin dolomitic marl interlayers. At several places, the member has been eroded to great parts during the Late Triassic. Towards east and southeast, dolomitic sulphates, locally altered to dolomite or limestone, replace the marine carbonates. The Berlingen Member includes coarse alluvial and fluvial sandstones of Vindelician origin. It is restricted to the Lake Constance area. For practical reasons, the Gruhalde Member (formerly «Obere Bunte Mergel» and «Knollenmergel») encompasses all playa sediments above the Gansingen Member and Berlingen Member. Evidence in good outcrops suggests that it consists of several sedimentary cycles separated by long time spans of omission and erosion. The Seebi Member (formerly «Stubensandstein») includes layers of coarse-grained sandstones of Vindelician origin with calcitic, siliceous or clayey matrix. Locally, matrix fraction increases and becomes mostly dolomitic in the upper part. The Belchen Member (formerly «Rhät») consists of partly fossiliferous sandstone and greenish dark marl of estuarine to marine origin. Due to late Triassic and early Jurassic erosion, the Belchen Member is restricted to northwestern Switzerland and the Lake Constance area.