Der Zusammenhang zwischen Stimmung, Verlangen und Nikotinkonsum im Alltag von Opioidabhängigen
Date Issued
2009-01-01
Author(s)
Cavelti, Marialuisa
Milenkovic, Natasa
Schmid, Otto
DOI
10.1159/000235740
Abstract
Hintergrund: Negative Stimmung und unwiderstehliches Verlangen sind als Auslöser des Erstkonsums einer psychotropen Substanz nach einer abstinenten Phase vielfach nachgewiesen worden. Über die Auslöser des Konsums bei Personen mit Ad-libitum-Konsum ist bisher wenig bekannt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung hatte zum Ziel, (1) den Einfluss negativer Stimmung auf die Menge des Ad-libitum-Zigarettenkonsums sowie (2) die mediierende Rolle des Verlangens in diesem Zusammenhang zu untersuchen. Patienten und Methoden: An einer opioidabhängigen Verfügbarkeitsstichprobe (N = 29) wurden mittels elektronischer Tagebücher 1 Woche lang 4-mal täglich zu individuell festgelegten Zeitpunkten Daten zu Stimmung, Verlangen und Menge des Zigarettenkonsums gewonnen und mittels «Linear Mixed Models» analysiert. Ergebnisse: Negative Stimmung 10 min vor dem Konsum sowie zum vorangegangenen Messzeitpunkt erwiesen sich als signifikante Prädiktoren der Anzahl konsumierter Zigaretten (p < 0,05). Der Einfluss des Verlangens 30 min vor dem Konsum auf die Konsummenge verfehlte knapp die statistische Signifikanz (p = 0,09). Der Vergleich des direkten Effekts negativer Stimmung auf die konsumierte Menge mit dem indirekten Effekt mediiert über das Verlangen zeigte, dass negative Stimmung ausreichte, um eine Zunahme der Konsummenge zu bewirken, ohne dass das Erleben von Verlangen eine notwendige Bedingung darstellte. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, aktuelle negative Stimmung als einen von Verlangen unabhängigen Auslöser des Nikotinkonsums zu berücksichtigen.
Summary
The Relationship between Mood, Craving and Nicotine Consumption in the Daily Life of Opioid Addicted Patients Background: Negative mood and craving have often been demonstrated as triggers of the initial reuse of a psychoactive substance after an abstinent period. Little is known about triggers of ad libitum consumption. The aims of the present study were 2-fold: (1) to analyze the influence of negative mood on the amount of the ad libitum cigarette consumption, and (2) to clarify the role of craving as a mediator in this relationship. Patients and Methods: Mood, craving, and the amount of cigarette consumption were assessed in an opioid-addicted convenience sample (N = 29) using electronic diaries. Data were collected during 1 week, 4 times per day at fixed, individually set time points and analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: Increased negative mood ratings at 10 min before consumption and at the preceding measurement point were related to increased cigarette consumption (p < 0.05). The influence of craving 30 min before consumption on the amount of cigarettes consumed just missed statistical significance (p = 0.09). The comparison of the direct effect of negative mood on the amount of consumption with the indirect effect mediated through craving showed that negative mood alone increased the amount of consumption, even without experienced craving. Conclusion: Findings support the notion that current negative mood can trigger cigarette consumption even without craving.
Summary
The Relationship between Mood, Craving and Nicotine Consumption in the Daily Life of Opioid Addicted Patients Background: Negative mood and craving have often been demonstrated as triggers of the initial reuse of a psychoactive substance after an abstinent period. Little is known about triggers of ad libitum consumption. The aims of the present study were 2-fold: (1) to analyze the influence of negative mood on the amount of the ad libitum cigarette consumption, and (2) to clarify the role of craving as a mediator in this relationship. Patients and Methods: Mood, craving, and the amount of cigarette consumption were assessed in an opioid-addicted convenience sample (N = 29) using electronic diaries. Data were collected during 1 week, 4 times per day at fixed, individually set time points and analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: Increased negative mood ratings at 10 min before consumption and at the preceding measurement point were related to increased cigarette consumption (p < 0.05). The influence of craving 30 min before consumption on the amount of cigarettes consumed just missed statistical significance (p = 0.09). The comparison of the direct effect of negative mood on the amount of consumption with the indirect effect mediated through craving showed that negative mood alone increased the amount of consumption, even without experienced craving. Conclusion: Findings support the notion that current negative mood can trigger cigarette consumption even without craving.
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