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Helical liquids in semiconductors

Hsu, Chen-Hsuan and Stano, Peter and Klinovaja, Jelena and Loss, Daniel. (2021) Helical liquids in semiconductors. Semiconductor Science and Technology , 36 (12). p. 123003.

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Official URL: https://edoc.unibas.ch/87688/

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Abstract

One-dimensional helical liquids can appear at boundaries of certain condensed matter systems. Two prime examples are the edge of a quantum spin Hall insulator and the hinge of a three-dimensional second-order topological insulator. For these materials, the presence of a helical state at the boundary serves as a signature of their nontrivial electronic bulk topology. Additionally, these boundary states are of interest themselves, as a novel class of strongly correlated low-dimensional systems with interesting potential applications. Here, we review existing results on such helical liquids in semiconductors. Our focus is on the theory, though we confront it with existing experiments. We discuss various aspects of the helical liquids, such as their realization, topological protection and stability, or possible experimental characterization. We lay emphasis on the hallmark of these states, being the prediction of a quantized electrical conductance. Since so far reaching a well-quantized conductance has remained challenging experimentally, a large part of the review is a discussion of various backscattering mechanisms which have been invoked to explain this discrepancy. Finally, we include topics related to proximity-induced topological superconductivity in helical states, as an exciting application toward topological quantum computation with the resulting Majorana bound states.
Faculties and Departments:05 Faculty of Science > Departement Physik > Physik > Theoretische Physik Mesoscopics (Loss)
UniBasel Contributors:Loss, Daniel
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Further Journal Contribution
Publisher:IOP Publishing
ISSN:0268-1242
e-ISSN:1361-6641
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal item
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Last Modified:01 Feb 2023 09:27
Deposited On:12 Apr 2022 09:54

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