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Field postmortem rabies rapid immunochromatographic diagnostic test for resource-limited settings with further molecular applications

Mauti, Stephanie and Léchenne, Monique and Naïssengar, Service and Traoré, Abdallah and Kallo, Vessaly and Kouakou, Casimir and Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel and Gourlaouen, Morgane and Mbilo, Céline and Pyana, Pati Patient and Madaye, Enos and Dicko, Ibrahima and Cozette, Pascal and De Benedictis, Paola and Bourhy, Hervé and Zinsstag, Jakob and Dacheux, Laurent. (2020) Field postmortem rabies rapid immunochromatographic diagnostic test for resource-limited settings with further molecular applications. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 160. e60008.

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Official URL: https://edoc.unibas.ch/78480/

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Abstract

Functional rabies surveillance systems are crucial to provide reliable data and increase the political commitment necessary for disease control. To date, animals suspected as rabies-positive must be submitted to a postmortem confirmation using classical or molecular laboratory methods. However, most endemic areas are in low- and middle-income countries where animal rabies diagnosis is restricted to central veterinary laboratories. Poor availability of surveillance infrastructure leads to serious disease underreporting from remote areas. Several diagnostic protocols requiring low technical expertise have been recently developed, providing opportunity to establish rabies diagnosis in decentralized laboratories. We present here a complete protocol for field postmortem diagnosis of animal rabies using a rapid immunochromatographic diagnostic test (RIDT), from brain biopsy sampling to the final interpretation. We complete the protocol by describing a further use of the device for molecular analysis and viral genotyping. RIDT easily detects rabies virus and other lyssaviruses in brain samples. The principle of such tests is simple: brain material is applied on a test strip where gold conjugated antibodies bind specifically to rabies antigens. The antigen-antibody complexes bind further to fixed antibodies on the test line, resulting in a clearly visible purple line. The virus is inactivated in the test strip, but viral RNA can be subsequently extracted. This allows the test strip, rather than the infectious brain sample, to be safely and easily sent to an equipped laboratory for confirmation and molecular typing. Based on a modification of the manufacturer's protocol, we found increased test sensitivity, reaching 98% compared to the gold standard reference method, the direct immunofluorescence antibody test. The advantages of the test are numerous: rapid, easy-to-use, low cost and no requirement for laboratory infrastructure, such as microscopy or cold-chain compliance. RIDTs represent a useful alternative for areas where reference diagnostic methods are not available.
Faculties and Departments:09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)
09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) > Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (EPH) > Human and Animal Health > One Health (Zinsstag)
UniBasel Contributors:Mbilo, Céline and Zinsstag, Jakob Z
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
ISSN:1940-087X
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
Language:English
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Last Modified:19 Dec 2022 07:54
Deposited On:19 Dec 2022 07:54

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