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Mining sudanese medicinal plants for antiprotozoal agents

Mahmoud, Abdelhalim Babiker and Mäser, Pascal and Kaiser, Marcel and Hamburger, Matthias and Khalid, Sami. (2020) Mining sudanese medicinal plants for antiprotozoal agents. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11. p. 865.

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Abstract

Neglected tropical diseases are major health hazards in developing countries. Annually, up to 30 million people are affected by either Chagas disease, African trypansomiasis or leishmaniasis, and more than 200 million by malaria. Most of the currently available drugs have drawbacks in terms of toxicity, limited oral availability, development of resistance, or non-affordability. Tropical plants of the arid zones are a treasure chest for the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolites. This study aims to compile Sudanese medicinal plants, validate their antiprotozoal activities, and identify active molecules. We have performed a survey of medicinal plants of Sudan and selected 62 that are being used in Sudanese traditional medicine. From these, we collected materials such as leaves, stem, bark, or fruit. The plant materials were extracted in 70% ethanol and further fractionated by liquid-liquid partitioning using solvents of increasing polarity. This resulted in a library of 235 fractions. The library was tested; in vitro; against; Plasmodium falciparum; (erythrocytic stages),; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; (bloodstream forms),; Trypanosoma cruzi; (intracellular amastigotes), and; Leishmania donovani; (axenic amastigotes). Active fractions were also tested for cytotoxicity. Of the 235 fractions, 125 showed growth inhibitory activity >80% at 10 μg/ml, and >50% at 2 μg/ml against at least one of the protozoan parasites.; Plasmodium falciparum; was the most sensitive of the parasites, followed by; T. b. rhodesiense; and; L. donovani; . Only few hits were identified for; T. cruzi; , and these were not selective. Contrary to expectation based on phylogeny, but in agreement with previous results, a large number of extracts displayed mutual activity against; T. brucei; and; P. falciparum; . HPLC-based activity profiling for selected active extracts was performed to identify the bioactive principles. Active compounds identified by dereplication were guieranone A from; Guiera senegalensis; J.F.Gmel.; pseudosemiglabrin from; Tephrosia apollinea; (Delile) DC; ellagic acid and quercetin from; Terminalia leiocarpa; (DC.) Baill.; and catechin, ethyl gallate, and epicatechin gallate from; Vachellia nilotica; (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb. Also the extracts of; Croton gratissimus; var.; gratissimus; and; Cuscuta hyalina; Roth ex Schult. exhibited promising antitrypanosomatid activity. This assessment provides a comprehensive overview of Sudanese medicinal plants and supports the notion that they are a potential source of bioactive molecules against protozoan parasites.
Faculties and Departments:09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)
09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) > Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology (MPI) > Parasite Chemotherapy (Mäser)
05 Faculty of Science > Departement Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften > Ehemalige Einheiten Pharmazie > Pharmazeutische Biologie (Hamburger)
UniBasel Contributors:Mahmoud, Abdelhalim and Mäser, Pascal and Kaiser, Marcel and Hamburger, Matthias
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
Publisher:Frontiers Media
e-ISSN:1663-9812
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
Language:English
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edoc DOI:
Last Modified:03 Nov 2021 15:32
Deposited On:10 Jul 2020 08:07

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