edoc

Spatial effects of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on child mortality: 26 years on, a spatial reanalysis of a cluster randomized trial

Jarvis, Christopher I. and Multerer, Lea and Lewis, Daniel and Binka, Fred and Edmunds, W. John and Alexander, Neal and Smith, Thomas A.. (2019) Spatial effects of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on child mortality: 26 years on, a spatial reanalysis of a cluster randomized trial. American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 101 (6). pp. 1434-1441.

[img] PDF - Published Version
Available under License CC BY (Attribution).

935Kb

Official URL: https://edoc.unibas.ch/73475/

Downloads: Statistics Overview

Abstract

In addition to the direct effect of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), there has been evidence for spatial indirect effects. Spatial analyses in cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are rare, but a large-scale CRT from 1993 was one of the first to conduct a spatial analysis of ITNs in CRTs. We revisit these data by applying a broader range of contemporary spatial methods to further explore spatial spillover. We conducted three analyses: 1) exploratory spatial analysis, considering spatial patterns and spillover in the data; 2) spatial modeling, estimating the intervention effect considering spatial effects; and 3) analysis of distance-based spillover and interaction with the intervention, characterizing the functional distance over which the spillover effect was present. There were consistent indications of spatial patterns from the exploratory analysis. Bed nets were associated with a 17% reduction in all-cause mortality for children aged 6-59 months, and the intervention estimate remained robust when allowing for the spatial structure of the data. There was strong evidence of a spatial spillover effect: for every additional 100 m that a control household was from an intervention household (and vice versa), the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) increased by 1.7% (SMR 1.017, 95% credible interval 1.006-1.026). Despite evidence of a spatial spillover effect, the conclusions of the trial remain unaffected by spatial model specifications. Use of ITNs was clearly beneficial for individuals, and there was compelling evidence that they provide an indirect benefit to individuals living nearby. This article demonstrates the extra utility that spatial methods can provide when analyzing a CRT.
Faculties and Departments:09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)
09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) > Former Units within Swiss TPH > Infectious Disease Modelling > Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics (Smith)
UniBasel Contributors:Multerer, Lea
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
Publisher:Williams and Wilkins
ISSN:0002-9637
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
Language:English
Identification Number:
edoc DOI:
Last Modified:03 Mar 2020 13:57
Deposited On:03 Mar 2020 13:57

Repository Staff Only: item control page