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National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016

Shamsipour, Mansour and Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh and Gohari, Kimiya and Yunesian, Masud and Fotouhi, Akbar and Naddafi, Kazem and Sheidaei, Ali and Faridi, Sasan and Akhlaghi, Ali Asghar and Rabiei, Katayoun and Mehdipour, Parinaz and Mahdavi, Mokhtar and Amini, Heresh and Farzadfar, Farshad. (2019) National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016. Environmental Pollution, 255 (Pt 1). p. 113173.

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Official URL: https://edoc.unibas.ch/71981/

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Abstract

Ambient particulate matter is a public health concern. We aimed (1) to estimate national and provincial long-term exposure of Iranians to ambient particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 μm (PM; 2.5; ) from 1990 to 2016, and (2) to estimate the national and provincial burden of disease attributable to PM; 2.5; in Iran. We used all available ground measurements of PM < 10 μm (PM; 10; ) (used to estimate PM; 2.5; ) from 91 monitoring stations. We estimated the annual mean exposure to PM; 2.5; for all Iranian population from 1990 to 2016 through a multi-stage modeling process. By applying comparative risk assessment methodology and using life table for years of life lost (YLL), we estimated the mortality and YLL attributable to PM; 2.5; for five outcomes. The predicted provincial annual mean PM; 2.5; concentrations range was between 21.7 μg/m; 3; (UI: 19.03-24.9) and 35.4 μg/m; 3; (UI: 31.4-39.4) from 1990 to 2016. We estimated in 2016, about 41,000 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35634, 47014) and about 3,000,000 YLL (95% UI: 2632101, 3389342) attributable to the long-term exposure to PM; 2.5; in Iran. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of mortality by 31,363 deaths (95% UI: 27520, 35258), followed by stroke (7012 (5999, 8062) deaths), lower respiratory infection (1210 (912, 1519) deaths), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1019 (715, 1328) deaths), and lung cancer (668 (489, 848) deaths). In 2016, about 43% of all PM; 2.5; related mortality in Iran was, respectively, in the following provinces: Tehran (12.6%), Isfahan (9.3%), Khorasan Razavi (8.0%), Fars (6.5%), and Khozestan (6.4%). In summary, we found that the majority of Iranians were exposed to the levels of ambient particulate matter exceeding the WHO guidelines from 1990 to 2016. Further, we found that there was an increasing trend of total mortality attributed to PM; 2.5; in Iran from 1990 to 2016 where the slope was higher in western provinces.
Faculties and Departments:03 Faculty of Medicine > Departement Public Health > Sozial- und Präventivmedizin > Air Pollution and Health (Künzli)
09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) > Former Units within Swiss TPH > Air Pollution and Health (Künzli)
09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)
UniBasel Contributors:Amini, Heresh
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:0269-7491
e-ISSN:1873-6424
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
Identification Number:
Last Modified:18 Sep 2019 08:38
Deposited On:18 Sep 2019 08:38

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