Factors associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in a Swiss working population

Background . Good cardiorespiratory fitness (high ) has beneficial effects on morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a tool to estimate in daily clinical practice is of great value for preventing chronic diseases in healthy adults. This study aimed at exploring the cardiometabolic profile in a representative Swiss working population. Based on these insights, a regression model was derived revealing factors associated with . Methods . Cross-sectional data of 337 healthy and full-time employed adults recruited in the Basel region, Switzerland, were collected. Anthropometric measurements to compute body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were performed. A 20-meter shuttle run test was conducted to determine individual . Heart rate (HR) was measured at rest, during maximal exertion, and two minutes after exercise. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed at rest and after exercise. A multiple linear regression model was built to identify a set of nonexercise predictor variables of . Results . Complete data of 303 individuals (63% male) aged 18 to 61 years (mean 33 ± 12 years) were considered for analysis. The regression model (adjusted R 2 = 0.647, SE = 5.3) identified sex ( β = -0.699, p < 0.001), WC ( β = -0.403, p < 0.001), difference of maximal to resting HR ( β = 0.234, p < 0.001), smoking ( β = -0.171, p < 0.001), and age ( β = -0.131, p < 0.01) as the most important factors associated with , while BMI, SBP, and DBP did not contribute to the regression model. Conclusions . This study introduced a simple model to evaluate based on nonexercise parameters as part of daily clinical routine without needing a time-consuming, cost-intense, and physically demanding direct assessment of . Knowledge about may help identifying individuals at increased cardiovascular risk and may provide the basis for health counselling and tailoring preventive measures.