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Convergent origination of a Drosophila-like dosage compensation mechanism in a reptile lineage

Marin, Ray and Cortez, Diego and Lamanna, Francesco and Pradeepa, Madapura M. and Leushkin, Evgeny and Julien, Philippe and Liechti, Angélica and Halbert, Jean and Brüning, Thoomke and Mössinger, Katharina and Trefzer, Timo and Conrad, Christian and Kerver, Halie N. and Wade, Juli and Tschopp, Patrick and Kaessmann, Henrik. (2017) Convergent origination of a Drosophila-like dosage compensation mechanism in a reptile lineage. Genome Research, 27. pp. 1974-1987.

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Abstract

Sex chromosomes differentiated from different ancestral autosomes in various vertebrate lineages. Here, we trace the functional evolution of the XY Chromosomes of the green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis), on the basis of extensive high-throughput genome, transcriptome and histone modification sequencing data and revisit dosage compensation evolution in representative mammals and birds with substantial new expression data. Our analyses show that Anolis sex chromosomes represent an ancient XY system that originated at least ≈160 million years ago in the ancestor of Iguania lizards, shortly after the separation from the snake lineage. The age of this system approximately coincides with the ages of the avian and two mammalian sex chromosomes systems. To compensate for the almost complete Y Chromosome degeneration, X-linked genes have become twofold up-regulated, restoring ancestral expression levels. The highly efficient dosage compensation mechanism of Anolis represents the only vertebrate case identified so far to fully support Ohno's original dosage compensation hypothesis. Further analyses reveal that X up-regulation occurs only in males and is mediated by a male-specific chromatin machinery that leads to global hyperacetylation of histone H4 at lysine 16 specifically on the X Chromosome. The green anole dosage compensation mechanism is highly reminiscent of that of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster Altogether, our work unveils the convergent emergence of a Drosophila-like dosage compensation mechanism in an ancient reptilian sex chromosome system and highlights that the evolutionary pressures imposed by sex chromosome dosage reductions in different amniotes were resolved in fundamentally different ways.
Faculties and Departments:05 Faculty of Science > Departement Umweltwissenschaften > Integrative Biologie > Regulatory Evolution (Tschopp)
UniBasel Contributors:Tschopp, Patrick
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
Publisher:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
ISSN:1088-9051
e-ISSN:1549-5469
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
Language:English
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Last Modified:16 May 2018 08:17
Deposited On:16 May 2018 08:17

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