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Chemical tuning enhances both potency toward nrf2 and in vitro therapeutic index of triterpenoids

Copple, Ian M. and Shelton, Luke M. and Walsh, Joanne and Kratschmar, Denise V. and Lister, Adam and Odermatt, Alex and Goldring, Christopher E. and Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T. and Honda, Tadashi and Park, B. Kevin. (2014) Chemical tuning enhances both potency toward nrf2 and in vitro therapeutic index of triterpenoids. Review of Economic Dynamics, 140 (2). pp. 462-469.

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Official URL: http://edoc.unibas.ch/50546/

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Abstract

The transcription factor Nrf2 protects against a number of experimental pathologies, and is a promising therapeutic target. The clinical investigation of a potent Nrf2-inducing agent, the triterpenoid (TP) bardoxolone methyl (BARD), was recently halted due to adverse cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients, although the underlying mechanisms are yet to be resolved. The majority of small molecule Nrf2 inducers are electrophilic and trigger Nrf2 accumulation via the chemical modification of its redox-sensitive repressor Keap1. Therefore, it is pertinent to question whether the therapeutic targeting of Nrf2 could be hindered in many cases by the inherent reactivity of a small molecule inducer toward unintended cellular targets, a key mechanism of drug toxicity. Using H4IIE-ARE8L hepatoma cells, we have examined the relationship between (a) Nrf2 induction potency, (b) toxicity and (c) in vitro therapeutic index (ratio of b:a) for BARD and a number of other small molecule activators of Nrf2. We show that BARD exhibits the highest potency toward Nrf2 and the largest in vitro therapeutic index among compounds that have been investigated clinically (namely BARD, sulforaphane and dimethylfumarate). Through further examination of structurally related TPs, we demonstrate that an increase in potency toward Nrf2 is associated with a relatively smaller increase in toxicity, indicating that medicinal chemistry can be used to enhance the specificity of a compound as an inducer of Nrf2 signaling whilst simultaneously increasing its therapeutic index. These findings will inform the continuing design and development of drugs targeting Nrf2.
Faculties and Departments:05 Faculty of Science > Departement Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften > Pharmazie > Molecular and Systems Toxicology (Odermatt)
UniBasel Contributors:Odermatt, Alex and Kratschmar, Denise and Lister, Adam
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:1096-0929
e-ISSN:1094-2025
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
Identification Number:
Last Modified:04 Dec 2017 09:18
Deposited On:04 Dec 2017 09:18

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