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Association between ambient air pollution and diabetes mellitus in Europe and north America : systematic review and meta-analysis

Eze, I. C. and Hemkens, L. G. and Bucher, H. C. and Hoffmann, B. and Schindler, C. and Künzli, N. and Schikowski, T. and Probst-Hensch, N. M.. (2015) Association between ambient air pollution and diabetes mellitus in Europe and north America : systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives, 123 (5). pp. 381-389.

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Official URL: http://edoc.unibas.ch/dok/A6381853

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Air pollution is hypothesized to be a risk factor for diabetes. Epidemiological evidence is inconsistent and has not been systematically evaluated.OBJECTIVES: We systematically reviewed epidemiological evidence on the association between air pollution and diabetes, and synthesized results of studies on type 2 diabetes (T2DM).METHODS: We systematically searched electronic literature databases (last search 29 April 2014) for studies reporting the association between air pollution (particle concentration or traffic exposure) and diabetes (type 1, type 2 or gestational). We systematically evaluated risk of bias and role of potential confounders in all studies. We synthesized reported associations with T2DM in meta-analyses using random effect models and conducted various sensitivity analyses.RESULTS: We included 13 studies (eight on T2DM, two on type 1, three on gestational diabetes), all conducted in Europe or North-America. Five studies were longitudinal, five cross-sectional, two case-control and one ecologic. Risk of bias, air pollution assessment, and confounder control varied across studies. Dose-response effects were not reported. Meta-analyses of three studies on PM2.5 (particulate matter >2.5 µm in diameter) and four studies on NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) showed increased risk of T2DM by 8-10% per 10 µg/m3 increase in exposure [PM2.5: 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.18); NO2: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.17)]. Associations were stronger in females. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results.CONCLUSION: Existing evidence indicates a positive association of air pollution and T2DM risk albeit there is high risk of bias. High quality studies assessing dose-response effects are needed. Research should be expanded to developing countries where outdoor and indoor air pollution are high.
Faculties and Departments:03 Faculty of Medicine > Departement Public Health > Sozial- und Präventivmedizin > Air Pollution and Health (Künzli)
09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) > Former Units within Swiss TPH > Air Pollution and Health (Künzli)
09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)
UniBasel Contributors:Schindler, Christian and Künzli, Nino and Schikowski, Tamara and Probst Hensch, Nicole and Eze, Ikenna C.
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Review Article
Publisher:National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
ISSN:0091-6765
e-ISSN:1552-9924
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal item -- Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives
Language:English
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Last Modified:14 Feb 2018 15:34
Deposited On:03 Jul 2015 08:53

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