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Reproducibility of nighttime salivary cortisol and its use in the diagnosis of hypercortisolism compared with urinary free cortisol and overnight dexamethasone suppression test

Viardot, Alexander and Huber, Peter and Puder, Jardena J. and Zulewski, Henryk and Keller, Ulrich and Muller, Beat. (2005) Reproducibility of nighttime salivary cortisol and its use in the diagnosis of hypercortisolism compared with urinary free cortisol and overnight dexamethasone suppression test. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 90 (10). pp. 5730-5736.

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Official URL: http://edoc.unibas.ch/dok/A6419845

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Abstract

BACKGROUND/METHODS: Nighttime salivary cortisol (NSC) has been suggested to be a useful diagnostic test for Cushing`s syndrome (CS). In the absence of published data on its day-to-day variability, we assessed the reproducibility of NSC by repeated measurements in healthy volunteers. Its diagnostic performance was compared with 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) and 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test in 12 patients with CS, 20 healthy volunteers, 14 referred patients in which CS was excluded or not firmly established, 16 obese patients, and 20 women in late pregnancy. RESULTS: NSC showed a superior reproducibility in healthy volunteers with a low day-to-day variability as reflected by an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.78. The receiver operating characteristic curve-estimated cutoff of 6.1 nmol/liter (0.22 microg/dl) demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.0) in the diagnosis of CS. NSC, 24-h UFC [after adjusting the local laboratory cutoff to 504 nmol/d (183 microg/d)], and the urinary cortisol/creatinine ratio showed a tendency to be superior to 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test in correctly identifying CS. In late pregnancy, the preserved diurnal variation at a higher level of salivary cortisol reduced the specificity of NSC to 75%. CONCLUSION: Based on its remarkable reproducibility, easy noninvasive nature, and at least similar diagnostic performance, NSC appears to be a preferable alternative to 24-h UFC as a first-line screening test for CS. The cutoff values of NSC, 24-h UFC, and urinary cortisol/creatinine ratio have to be carefully adjusted using assay and center-specific reference ranges of sufficiently large populations.
Faculties and Departments:03 Faculty of Medicine > Bereich Medizinische Fächer (Klinik) > Ehemalige Einheiten Medizinische Fächer (Klinik) > Klinische Endokrinologie (Keller)
03 Faculty of Medicine > Departement Klinische Forschung > Bereich Medizinische Fächer (Klinik) > Ehemalige Einheiten Medizinische Fächer (Klinik) > Klinische Endokrinologie (Keller)
03 Faculty of Medicine > Departement Biomedizin > Former Units at DBM > Metabolism (Keller/Müller)
UniBasel Contributors:Keller, Ulrich O. and Müller, Beat
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
Publisher:Oxford University Press
ISSN:0021-972X
e-ISSN:1945-7197
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
Identification Number:
Last Modified:27 Nov 2017 07:28
Deposited On:02 Oct 2015 10:00

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