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Diagnostic accuracy of Kato-Katz and FLOTAC for assessing anthelmintic drug efficacy

Knopp, S. and Speich, B. and Hattendorf, J. and Rinaldi, L. and Mohammed, K. A. and Khamis, I. S. and Mohammed, A. S. and Albonico, M. and Rollinson, D. and Marti, H. and Cringoli, G. and Utzinger, J.. (2011) Diagnostic accuracy of Kato-Katz and FLOTAC for assessing anthelmintic drug efficacy. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Vol. 5, H. 4 , e1036.

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Official URL: http://edoc.unibas.ch/dok/A6002166

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sensitive diagnostic tools are required for an accurate assessment of prevalence and intensity of helminth infections in areas undergoing regular deworming, and for monitoring anthelmintic drug efficacy. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques in the frame of a drug efficacy trial. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Stool samples from 343 Zanzibari children were subjected to duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and the FLOTAC basic technique in a baseline screening in early 2009. The FLOTAC showed a higher sensitivity than the Kato-Katz method for the diagnosis of Trichuris trichiura (95% vs. 88%, p = 0.012) and Ascaris lumbricoides (88% vs. 68%, p = 0.098), but a lower sensitivity for hookworm diagnosis (54% vs. 81%, p = 0.006). Considering the combined results from both methods as 'gold' standard, the prevalences of T. trichiura, hookworm and A. lumbricoides were 71% (95% confidence interval (CI): 66-75%), 22% (95% CI: 17-26%) and 12% (95% CI: 8-15%), respectively. At follow-up, 3-5 weeks after 174 among the 269 re-examined children were administered anthelmintic drugs, we observed cure rates (CRs) against A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura of 91% (95% CI: 80-100%), 61% (95% CI: 48-75%) and 41% (95% CI: 34-49%), respectively, when using the Kato-Katz method. FLOTAC revealed lower CRs against A. lumbricoides (83%, 95% CI: 67-98%) and T. trichiura (36%, 95% CI: 29-43%), but a higher CR against hookworm (69%, 95% CI: 57-82%). These differences, however, lacked statistical significance. Considerable differences were observed in the geometric mean fecal egg counts between the two methods with lower egg reduction rates (ERRs) determined by FLOTAC. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that the FLOTAC technique, following further optimization, might become a viable alternative to the Kato-Katz method for anthelmintic drug efficacy studies and for monitoring and evaluation of deworming programs. The lower CRs a ERRs determined by FLOTAC warrant consideration and could strategically impact future helminth control programs
Faculties and Departments:09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) > Former Units within Swiss TPH > Health Systems and Policies (de Savigny)
09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) > Former Units within Swiss TPH > Health Impact Assessment (Utzinger)
UniBasel Contributors:Utzinger, Jürg and Marti, Hanspeter
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
Publisher:Library of Science
ISSN:1935-2727
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
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Last Modified:08 Nov 2012 16:22
Deposited On:08 Nov 2012 16:12

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